Judul : Who was Manuel Noriega? How the Panamanian dictator went from being a secret ally to an enemy of the US
link : Who was Manuel Noriega? How the Panamanian dictator went from being a secret ally to an enemy of the US
Who was Manuel Noriega? How the Panamanian dictator went from being a secret ally to an enemy of the US
AP Photo
Panamanian military strongman Gen. Manuel Noriega talks to reporters in Panama City on Nov. 8, 1989.
Before getting overthrown by the American government, Manuel Antonio Noriega was paid to spy for the CIA.
On May 29, the former Panamanian dictator died after leaving prison briefly to receive surgery for a benign tumor in his brain. Over the last three decades, Noriega went from working as a CIA informant to spending years in US prison.
Here’s what you need to know about the complicated and flip-flopping Central American figure who finished the last years of his life between American, French, and Panamanian jails:
Before coming to power, Noriega served as head of Panama’s secret police. Through the role, he worked closely with the American CIA.
Source: Al Jazeera
From 1967 to 1988, Noriega spent more than a decade on the CIA’s payroll for helping the US install listening posts to monitor activity around the Panama Canal.
Sources: Time, The Guardian
After promoting himself to the rank of military general, Manuel Antonio Noriega served as the leader of Panama from 1983 to 1989.
Noriega supported leftists rebels fighting against Central American governments — all while helping the US channel funds to stifle any opposition.
Source: LA Times
After the sale of private American information came to light and people protested his connections to Panamanian drug traffickers, Noriega’s relationship with the US deteriorated.
Source: Encyclopedia Britannica
In 1988, a Senate committee concluded that US support of Noriega was a “policy failure,” prompting Noriega to launch anti-American campaigns in Panama. He gave speeches saying Americans wanted to control Panama and, through that, gained popular support.
Source: The Guardian and The New York Times
Following several efforts to arrest Noriega on drug trafficking charges, the American government invaded Panama with the goal of overthrowing him in 1989.
Source: The New York Times
After going into hiding at the Vatican’s Panamanian embassy, Noriega surrendered following an armed standoff in January 1990. He was then taken straight to a Miami jail.
Source: The New York Times
Although initially sentenced to 40 years in prison for drug trafficking, the US released Noriega in 2007. He was immediately extradited to France, where he was also wanted on money laundering charges.
Source: The New York Times
After years of getting shuffled between American, French, and Panamanian prisons, Noriega passed away in Panama City on Monday from brain surgery complications at the age of 83.
Source: The New York Times
The current Panamanian president tweeted that Noriega’s death marked the closing of “a chapter in our history.”
Muerte de Manuel A. Noriega cierra un capítulo de nuestra historia; sus hijas y sus familiares merecen un sepelio en paz.
— Juan Carlos Varela (@JC_Varela) May 30, 2017
Read more stories on Business Insider, Malaysian edition of the world’s fastest-growing business and technology news website.
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